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Academic publishing news 學術出版新聞
What role does the medical device sector play in influencing what clinical findings are presented in medical publications? Read this interesting article at , which raises interesting questions about the need for objective research without commercial interests in what finding are or are not presented: Aren’t case reports about a person and not a device? Are doctors unable to advocate for their patients for fear of upsetting the medical device industry? (medpagetoday)
AIP Publishing, a division of the American Institute of Physics (AIP), has announced the re-launch of the Laser Institute of America’s Journal of Laser Applications (JLA) on AIP’s innovative Scitation hosting platform. Read more at JLA’s Scitation platform provides enhanced search functions, including faceted results and intuitive search suggestions, which filter results to obtain relevant information more quickly. Re designed abstract pages, including related articles, article outlines, and an article objects tab, provide direct access to tables and figures. Also a new table of contents pages offer expandable abstracts and keywords. (the street)
Tassmeem is a new, peer-reviewed, open-access, international design journal that provides a multi-modal forum for the exchange of ideas and findings on all aspects of creative research. All content in the journal will be ‘open access’, meaning they are free-to-read on the web and authors retain copyright on their works. Submission details can be found at .
Areas of journal interest are
-Creativity and innovation
- Design education and pedagogy
- Design theory, criticism and history
- Sustainability
- Applied design
- Design methodology
- Interdisciplinary design
- Experimental design
- The practice of design
- Global/Local designInformation services provider Thomson Reuters, US, announces the launch of the Newport Biologics Module. The module provides unique manufacturing process data covering biologic drugs, including recombinant proteins, antibodies, factors, and vaccines. Details can be found at
英文讀書計劃
描述與學術及專業訓練有關的課外活動
ii. 強調和求職相關的已有知識技能或領導特質
範例
Extensive global travel for business and recreation has made me more receptive to occasionally opposing values of different countries. Closely observing and comparing different societies, rather than making sweeping generalizations about a particular country or group of people, has allowed me to observe various management practices in different cultures.
因業務和娛樂的原因多次在世界上旅行，讓我更能接受不同國家偶爾對立的價值觀。近距離觀察、比較不同的社會，而不是對特定國家或族群作全面性的歸納，讓我能觀察到不同文化中各樣的管理實務。
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以下為工程英文論文工作提案的基本科技論點:
(第二部分:行動)
Work objective工作目標 : 工作提案的目標 ?
Methodology to achieve objective 達成目標的方法 : 你的計劃中達成目標的步驟?
Anticipated results希望的結果 : 你希望達成的結果?
Contribution to field領域的貢獻: 你的提案對相關工作領域的貢獻?
研讀以下研究提案以辦別包含的科技論點:
工作目標 Based on the above, we should develop an efficient AAA procedure that uses a wireless LAN environment integrated with mobile phone design.
達成目標的方法 To do so, a client server architecture can be developed, capable of accessing a sim card in a mobile phone. A sim-based AAA server can then be constructed to communicate with HLR. Next, the client server architecture can be installed in the user’s computer for use in implementing the AAA procedure with a server.
希望的結果 As anticipated, the proposed sim-based AAA procedure can enable customers to access the Internet in a wireless LAN environment effortlessly and automatically receive billing on their monthly telecom payment.
領域的貢獻 In addition to simplifying Internet hotspot access in a wireless LAN environment, the proposed procedure can provide a secure means of browsing the Internet outdoors.
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Freelance custom writers, even experienced ones, have to pay close attention to the current necessities of their markets. Whether they complete creative writing projects, provide academic model answers, or compose white papers, they will usually have to focus not only on the quality of writing but also on learning to write a lot in accordance with erratic guidelines.
Marketing Freelance Academic Writing Services
Beginning academic writers will inevitably face problems while trying to find clients interested in this particular service. The web is full of freelancers and companies offering nearly all forms of writings, and it’s difficult to get one’s way through. Still, there are at least four things writers can do to increase their chances for success.
Website: Every freelance writer should launch website connected with writing. First, websites provide immediate and very effective advertisement of any writing services. They can feature electronic portfolios, customer testimonials, and writing samples. Second, website can actually serve as the main source of contact with prospective clients.
Employment with Essay Companies: If custom essay writing is not writer’s primary employment freelancing for an essay company is an ideal option. Projects will be delivered to potential authors through writer’s panel and will be available for bidding. This solution works best for part-time custom writers who can afford less activity in this area of writing. See this article for further information about writing for essay companies.
Portfolio: Providing customers with writer’s portfolio is a good way of showcasing writer’s actual writing skills and experience. Portfolios can be either printed or online links. They should include possibly the best and a diversified samples of one’s writing. Portfolio can also consist of mock-projects and it should be constantly up-dated.
Further Reference to Works: This is how various published pieces become useful – anything posted or published in ezines and blogs might be a good reference for a specific kind of writing. It will answer customer’s question as to how his or her project is going to be approached.
Freelance Academic Writer’s Skills
Custom writing will also call for a slightly different approach to writing. Writers will have to learn how to follow customer requirements and possibly schedule a brand new working regime for themselves. Certain skills will be absolutely indispensable in the process of professional development.
Price Negotiation: Writers must make sure that each and every contract they sign with customers includes a note about negotiating prices for any forthcoming assignments. Clients who are satisfied with the service might be interested in repeating orders which should always work to the writer’s benefit. Otherwise, writers may end up working on more complicated material for the same fees all the time.
Adherence to Guidelines: Writers, by the very essence of their profession, are expected to be creative and versatile. This doesn’t mean, however, that custom writing can be approached in any way preferred by the author in question. Most assignments will be delivered for writing in accordance with very specific and strict requirements which can’t be changed only because of writer’s personal preferences.
Originality: No previously published articles or research papers will be submitted to clients. Custom writers must be well aware of the differences between particular citation styles and types of services. Custom paper writers must be acquainted with all rules of academic writing and well as understand under what circumstances they can follow slightly different rules.
All the above points should be helpful for beginning writers. The golden rule of successful writing is writer’s flexibility. Freelancing for custom writings market seems to be a quite complex endeavor but with time any keen writer can eventually succeed.
For over 100 years, distance education has served as an alternative method for delivering academic course work to students unable to attend traditional campus-based classes. The format of distance education varies from correspondence-style courses to technologically based courses using the Internet. Distance education offers students considerable benefits, including increased access to learning, lifelong learning opportunities, and convenience of time and place (St. Pierre, 1998). Distance education may be essential for learners who are truly place-bound because of factors such as employment, child-care demands, disability, or remoteness of the location where they live (Rintala, 1998). This digest presents information on the many forms distance education can take and keys to successful teaching with distance education.
What is Distance Education?
Distance education is a method of education in which the learner is physically separated from the teacher and the institution sponsoring the instruction. It may be used on its own, or in conjunction with other forms of education, including face-to-face instruction. In any distance education process there must be a teacher, one or more students, and a course or curriculum that the teacher is capable of teaching and the student is trying to learn. The contract between teacher and learner, whether in a traditional classroom or distance education, requires that the student be taught, assessed, given guidance and, where appropriate, prepared for examinations that may or may not be conducted by the institution. This must be accomplished by two-way communication. Learning may be undertaken either individually or in groups; in either case, it is accomplished in the physical absence of the teacher in distance education. Where distance teaching materials are provided to learners, they are structured in ways that facilitate learning at a distance.
Forms of Distance Education
In its original form, teachers using distance education traveled to remote sites and taught a class, or corresponded with students through mail, telephone, or fax machine. Individualized study has been a method of reaching the remote student for some time. Detailed course instructions are sent to the learner who performs the assigned tasks and returns the completed work to the teacher for evaluation and reassignment if necessary.
Technology has raised the quality of individualized distance instruction. The use of various forms of electronic media increases time effectiveness and improves the delivery of information. Video, audio, and computer-based applications may enhance the product received by the independent learner. Electronic delivery can occur using synchronous communication, in which class members participate at the same time, or asynchronous communication where participants are separated by time (Romiszowski, 1993).
Video/audio models of distance education include broadcast television, cable television, satellite, microwave, fiber optics, and audio graphics. The most widely used format is broadcast and cable television (Parrott, 1995). However, developments in satellite and fiber optic systems have produced other successful programs. The interactive capability of many of these networks has produced a distance classroom that is nearly identical to a regular classroom. Teachers and students can interact through both two-way video and one-way video with two-way audio systems. The recent development of Desktop Video Conferencing (DVC) which brings interactive video capability to the desktop computer, further enhances learning opportunities.
The linking of computer technology through the use of the Internet or CD-ROM with television transmission provides a potentially new dimension to distance education. This technique can link university professors to high school teachers, or to physically disabled students, in a distance setting (McLean, 1996).
Another form of interaction is the use of computer conferencing. This method utilizes asynchronous communication in such forms as an e-mail list group, an Internet discussion group, or other types of conferencing software. Asynchronous methods of communication are especially appealing to the learner who has difficulty scheduling specific time- and place-bound course work.
Adaptability
Distance education can be used for some aspects of most disciplines. For example, several institutions of higher education already have developed certificate programs, undergraduate programs, and graduate programs in health and physical education that are delivered using distance education methods. Eastern Oregon University, Emporia State University, Kutztown University, LaSalle University, the Medical College of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point, and Virginia Tech are among institutions integrating distance technology into their physical education programs.
Traditional programs that are heavily based in skill development and demonstration or require laboratory work can be offered in a distance education framework using interactive video interfaced with computers to facilitate a hands-on learning approach at a distance. Classes that use lecture and laboratory experiences are easily adapted to a distance education situation. Course materials, including animals for dissection, are sent to class participants with video and written instructions and assignments.
Effective Teaching and Learning With Distance Education
Distance education dictates changes in behavior for both the teacher and the learner. The successful student develops persistence and skills in self-directing work. The successful distance education teacher becomes conversant with new technology and develops new instructional styles, moving from creating instruction to managing resources and students and disseminating views (Strain, 1987). Administrative and faculty support for distance education are critical to the success of this instructional method. Administrators should take note that the implementation of a distance education program may allow access to a greater number of students. However, the time and work associated with teaching at a distance exceeds the normal requirements of campus-based instruction.
Students in distance education settings perform as well or better on assignments, class activities, and exams when compared to campus-based students (St. Pierre, 1998). Nevertheless, students must maintain persistence and a clear focus to succeed in a distance learning situation. Self-direction, a passion for learning, and strong individual responsibility are important influences on achievement. There are indications that distance education works best for more mature, motivated, well-organized, and already accomplished learners (Rintala, 1998).
Garrels (1997) describes five critical elements for successful teaching at a distance:
Instructor enthusiasm. This requires animation and comfort in front of the camera, or with the technology utilized. Faculty support and interest are critical to the success of distance learning endeavors.
Organization. Teaching materials must be prepared in advance; timing, variation, and smooth transitions must be planned. Instructors should allocate from 3 to 5 hours of preparation for each hour of distance instruction. Great attention to detail is required long before the actual classroom activity occurs (Summers, 1997).
Strong commitment to student interaction. Whatever the modality used to teach at a distance, the instructor must encourage and facilitate ongoing communication between the students and the instructor.
Familiarity with the technology used in the class format. Faculty development is important before beginning any distance activities, and instructors should be trained in video use, computer use, or other forms of instructional technology used.
Critical support personnel. Production staff, graphic designers, and technical staff members will help the instructional setting produce successful teaching at a distance.